Tracker: High School NIL
Last Updated on May 4, 2023
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We are tracking state laws and state high school association rules governing name, image and likeness below.
Disclaimer: This information is made available for educational purposes. It provides general information and is not intended to provide specific legal advice. This information should not be used as a substitute for competent legal advice from a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction.
Last Updated on May 4, 2023In what states is it clear that high school student athletes can monetize their name, image and likeness?
- Alaska
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- District of Columbia (D.C.)
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Minnesota
- Nebraska
- Nevada (limited, see below)
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New York
- North Carolina (as of July 1, 2023)
- North Dakota
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- Tennessee
- Utah
- Virginia (as of July 1, 2023)
- Washington
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| State | NIL Monetization Allowed? | Governing Rule | Current Rule(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | No | AHSAA Rule 1, Section 8 | Currently prohibited. Amateurs are defined by the rules as those who do not use his/her knowledge of athletics or athletic skill for gain. Cannot receive remuneration for participation. No award of any kind having a monetary value of more than $250 (other than medals, trophies, plaques or championship rings) shall be made to students. |
| Alaska | Yes | ASAA Article 8, Section 1 & 2 Article 9, Section 2 | Amateurism rules were amended in December 2021 to allow NIL activities as long as there is no mention of the school, team or Alaska School Activities Association. New rule: “A student-athlete forfeits amateur status and eligibility in a sport sanctioned by the Association by…” “capitalizing on athletic fame by receiving money or gifts of monetary value in exchange for endorsements, participation in commercials, advertisements or the like in affiliation with the student’s school team, school, ASAA Region or ASAA (scholarships paid directly to institutions of higher learning are specifically exempted). This provision is not intended to restrict the right of any student to participate in a commercial endorsement provided there is no school team, school, ASAA Region or ASAA affiliation.” |
| Arizona | Unclear | ASAA Rule 15.11 | An amateur athlete is defined by the state high school athletics assocaition as someone who “has never used or is not using his/her knowledge of athletics or athletic skill in an athletic contest for financial gain.” State law (SB 1296) also could apply broadly to high school athletes when it mentions individuals who “may be eligible in the future” for college athletics. |
| Arkansas | No | AAA Article III Eligibility Rule 10. Amateurism | Currently prohibited. Student may not: “directly or indirectly accept gifts, products, awards or monetary compensation for permitting his/her name, picture, or person to be used to advertise, promote or recommend a product, service, commercial venture or political venture.” |
| California | Yes | CIF Article 20 Rule 212 | Student athletes can participate in NIL, although there are some limitations: “(3) Wearing a school team uniform or any identifying school insignia while appearing in any advertisement, promotional activity or endorsement for any commercial product or service; (4) Lending his/her name and team affiliation for purposes of commerical endorsement. Any appearances by students for nonprofit organizations must be approved by the Board of Trustees concerned. This provision is not intended to restrict the right of any student to participate in a commerical endorsement provided there is no school team or school affiliation.” |
| Colorado | Yes | CHSAA 2000.12; Amended in April 2022 | Colorado voted to allow NIL in April 2022. Start date not yet published. |
| Connecticut | Yes | CIAC Article 12 Rule 4.5.A (amended in June 2022) | CIAC voted in June 2022 to allow NIL subject to rules prohibiting certain categories (adult entertainment, alcohol, tobacco, nicotine, cannabis, controlled dangerous substances, prescription pharmaceuticals, gambling, weapons, firearms and ammunition). Subject to additional rules. |
| Delaware | No | Delaware Administrative Code Title 14 Section 2.5.1.7 | Currently prohibited. Students cannot use athletic status to promote or endorse a commercial product or service on the internet; in a newsprint, radio, television advertisement or any other form of media; or personal appearance. |
| District of Columbia | Yes | DCSAA Part V Section H | Rules amended for 2022-23 to add: “These provisions are not intended to restrict the right of any student to participate in a commercial or marketing endorsements provided there is no school team, school or DCSAA affiliation name or logo visible. The student may not appear in the uniform of the student’s school and cannot utilize the marks, logos, etc., of the school or DCSAA as any part of any endorsement. DCSAA must be notified of all student commercial or marketing endorsements.” |
| Florida | No | FHSAA Rule 9.9 | Currently prohibited. Forfeiture of amateur status (in a particular sport for one year) if: compete for money or other monetary compensation; receive any award or prize of monetary value not approved by FHSAA; capitalizing on athletic fame by receiving money or gifts of a monetary nature. |
| Georgia | No | GHSA Rule 1.90 | Currently prohibited. Athletes forfeit amateur status if they compete for money or other monetary compensations with exceptions for travel/meals/lodging. They cannot capitalize on athletic fame by receiving money or gifts with monetary value except college scholarships. |
| Hawaii | Unclear | HHSAA Section 2(I) | Forfeit amateur status if: competing for money in any organized athletic activity. No specific mention of NIL. |
| Idaho | Yes | IDHSAA Rule 8-4 & 8-5 | Rules amended to allow NIL in July 2022. Athletes can participate in commercial endorsements as long as there is no school team, school, league, district or IHSAA affiliation. |
| Illinois | Yes | IHSA Rule 3.083 (as amended by Proposal 10) | Amendment (Proposal 10) passed in December 2022 allowing NIL. NIL cannot be based on performance, IHSA and school intellectual property cannot be used, school facilities cannot be used for NIL activities, no NIL activity can take place during school hours or while traveling to IHSA events or during events, practices, rehearsals, meetings games or tournaments, and athletes cannot engage in deals involving gaming/gambling, alcoholic beverages, tobacco, cannabis, banned or illegal substances, adult entertainment products or services, firearms or other weapons or other products/services the Board deems inappropriate or distracting. |
| Indiana | No | IHSAA Part II Rule 5-2 | Amateurs must not have: accepted remuneration or a benefit other than of symbolic nature, directly or indirectly, for athletic participation in that sport; capitalized on athletic fame by receiving money or gifts of a monetary value; participated in athletic activities/tryouts/audition/practices/games held or sponsored by professional athletic organizations, clubs or the reps during the contest season. |
| Iowa | Yes | NIL Guidance | Rules amended August 2022 to allow NIL, subject to guidelines. |
| Kansas | Yes, but limited | KSHSAA Rule 21 | A student athlete may, “A student may receive pay for teaching activities such as swimming, lifesaving, golf, tennis, wrestling, basketball, dancing, baseball, etc., provided he or she confines the work to teaching skills.” “A student may not receive pay for coaching teams or individuals involved in competition.” “A student may receive pay for officiating athletic contests.” The acceptance of merchandise, jackets, sweaters or other wearing apparel, athletic equipment, pay for pitching a game, remuneration for scoring a certain number of goals or making base hits, etc., or any other form of cash or merchandise award, is a violation of this rule. Neither may the foregoing be accepted as pay to cover necessary expenses.” |
| Kentucky | No | KHSAA Bylaw 10 | A student athlete loses amateur status if they are “capitalizing on athletic fame by receiving money or other gifts of monetary value not specifically approved by sec. 2 or 4 of this rule.” Sections 2 and 4 pertain to scholarships and pre-approved awards not to exceed $300. |
| Louisiana | Yes | LHSAA Section 1.25 Position statement issued April 2022 | New position statement announced 4/7/22 allowing NIL for high school athletes |
| Maine | Yes | MPA Handbook | New NIL policy approved in July 2022. NIL allowed, but no one employed by a school can be involved. Athletes also cannot reference their member school or wear any logos, etc. Prohibited categories include adult entertainment products and services, alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, controlled dangerous substances, prescription pharmaceuticals, casinos and gambling (including sports betting, lotter, betting in video games, etc.), weapons, firearms and ammunition. |
| Maryland | Yes | MPSSAA Subtitle 06 Chapter 03 Section 10 (amended December 2022) | Rules amended December 2022. NIL allowed with the following prohibitions: making any reference to a school or MPSSAA in NIL activities, wearing a school-based jersey or displaying the school’s name, mascot, logo or other identifying marks, endorsing or promoting products/services of a third-party NIL partner during school-based team activities and events. Prohibited categories: adult entertainment, alcohol, tobacco and nicotine-related products, cannabis, controlled dangerous substances, prescription pharmaceuticals, casinos and gambling (including sports betting and the lottery), video games, online games, and mobile devices, weapons, firearms and ammunition. |
| Massachusetts | Yes | MIAA Handbook Rule 47 | Rules amended August 2022. NIL now allowed subject to guidelines. |
| Michigan | No | MHSAA Section VIII Part B & C | Currently prohibits NIL. Amateurs are those who have not received gifts of material or money and have not received other valuable considerations, including special considerations for loans, because of athletic performance or potential. Gifts or loans to family members, based on the student’s athletic performance or potential, are treated as gifts or loans to the student and violate that student’s amateur status. Symbolic awards cannot be in excess of $40. |
| Minnesota | Yes | MSHSL 201.00 (amended in June 2022) | Amended in June 2022 to allow NIL, subject to prohibitions on certain categories such as gambling, alcohol, tobacco, drugs or weapons. Athletes are not allowed to use school logos/trademarks for any NIL activities. |
| Mississippi | No | MHSAA Rule 2.39 | Currently prohibited. Loss of amateur standing through: entering competition for monetary guarantee (including gift certificates); entered competition for share of gate receipt; accepted money; entered competition for prizes or merchandise of more tha $1K in retail value; sold or pawned a prize; accepted payment of expense allowances in excess of actual expenses. Also cited NFHS’s ruling against high school NIL opportunities. The state law which granted college athletes NIL rights, specifically says it does not apply before enrollment at a post-secondary institution: “No student-athlete shall enter into a name, image, and likeness agreement or receive compensation from a third-party licensee relating to the name, image or likeness of the student-athlete before the date on which the student-athlete enrolls at a postsecondary educational institution.” |
| Missouri | No | MHSAA 3.6.1 and 3.6.2 | Currently prohibited. Forfeit amateur status by: competing for or accepting money or other monetary compensation other than necessary meals/lodging, etc.; receiving any award or prize which value exceeds approved amount ($250 total if multiple awards – also can’t accept services, cash or gift certificates as awards); capitalizing on athletic fame by receiving money, gifts of monetary value or merchandise. Gifts/benefits/awards/opportunities given to all enrolled students at the school does not compromise amateur status and award limits are not applicable. |
| Montana | No | MHSA Article II Section 15.1, 16 | Currently prohibited. No award exceeding $100 shall be given per event in any MHSA sanctioned sport or activity by a school, person or organization to a student in recognition of that student’s achievement or participation in any interscholastic activity. Amateurism can be lost by: accepting remuneration directly or indirectly for playing on athletic teams; receiving donations or gifts for participation outside the MHSA rule; knowingly accept paymet for excessive expense allowances. |
| Nebraska | Yes | NSAA Rule 3.7.1 | Rules changed to allow as of December 2021. Student athletes “may engage in NIL activities that are consistent with the law of the state of Nebraska, and, in the absence of such law, a student may engage in NIL activity subject to the following: a) The student’s NIL activities are done on an individual basis and are carried out in a manner that does not suggest or reasonably suggest the endorsement or sponsorship of the NSAA member school. b) The student’s NIL activities may NOT include an image or likeness of the student in a uniform, or other clothing or gear depicting the name or logo of the NSAA member school the student is attending or has attended.” Student athletes cannot receive merchandise or compensation of any nature for caoching any NSAA approved sport during the season of the sport in his/her school. |
| Nevada | Limited | NAC Rule 385B.374 (changes announced in Sept 2022) | New amendment in September 2022 to the Nevada Admin. Code allows Nevada Interscholastic Activities Association athletes to participate in NIL deals for a sport not sanctioned by the NIAA, if the athlete doesn’t connect their school, team or the NIAA to the endorsement, has been adopted. See language here. |
| New Hampshire | Yes | NHIAA Article II Section 6 (amended in Dec 2022) | Bylaws amended in December 2022 to allow NIL. Commercial endorsement allowed if there is no school, team or NHIAA affiliation (including no use of uniform, marks, logos, etc.). |
| New Jersey | Yes | NJSIAA | Executive Committee officially approved NIL on 11/10/21. Student-athletes are permitted to receive payments for coaching and providing athletic instruction, however student-athletes may not play on the teams that they coach. The student-athlete’s compensation must be commensurate with the work performed. A student-athlete may profit off of the use of their own name, image and likeness (NIL). Such permissible activities include commercial endorsements, promotional activities, social media presence, product or service advertisements, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Prohibited from referencing school or NJSIAA or using school logos or marks. Also prohibited from endorsing certain categories and services including adult entertainment products and services, alcohol products, tobacco and nicotine-related products, cannabis products, controlled dangerous substances, prescription pharmaceuticals, casinos and gambling (including sporst betting, the lottery, and betting in connection with video games, online games and mobile devices), and weapons/firearms/ammunition. |
| New Mexico | No | NMAA Section VI Subsection 6.18 | Currently prohibited. An amateur athlete shall not receive (directly or indirectly) reimbursement or financial benefit as a result of their athletic performance or abilities, except as outlined in 6.18.8. Financial benefit includes cash, stipends, compensation, endorsements, boarding/living expenses, free or reduced meals, merchandise, gift certificates, etc. (See 6.18.8) Handbook Q&A reiterates: Financial benefit gained as a result of athletic participation or as a result of a student’s name, image or likeness does jeopardize a student’s amateur status. |
| New York | Yes | NYSPHSAA Rule 2.2(c) | Rules changed to allow in October 2021. No restriction on right of student athletes to participate in commercial endoresement as long as there is no school team, school, section or NYSPHSAA affiliation. SAs who secure endorsements cannot appear in their school uniform in any endorsement, and logos/marks of schools, sections or NYSPHSAA cannot be used. |
| North Carolina | Yes (as of July 1, 2023) | NCHSAA Rule 1.2.15(a) and (b) (rule prior to change) | New policy passed in May 2023. Student athletes must go through an education course about NIL from the National Federation of State High School Associations before they can do NIL deals. Schools and coaches cannot facilitate deals or act as a student’s agent or marketing representative. Athletes are prohibited from entering into NIL deals with products around adult entertainment, alcohol, cannabis, controlled substances, firearms and ammunition, gambling, prescription drugs, as well as tobacco, vaping, and other Nicotine-related products. Additionally, athletes cannot affiliate themselves with their school, conference, school district, the NCHSAA, or the NFHS through an NIL deal. |
| North Dakota | Yes | NDHSAA (amended June 2022) | New policy passed in June 2022 to allow some NIL activities. No use of school uniforms or school logos/trademarks in NIL activities. Booster clubs cannot be involved with NIL. |
| Ohio | No | OHSAA Bylaws, 4-10 and 5 | Currently, student athletes forfeit amateur status if they compete “for money or other remuneration; capitalizing on the athlete’s fame by receiving money, merchandise or services of value.” OHSAA voted against amending its NIL rule in May 2022. |
| Oklahoma | Yes | OSSAA Rule 5 (amended Dec. 2022) | Amended in December 2022. NIL allowed but cannot be based on performance. School logos, name, mascot, etc. cannot be used in NIL activities. School apparel and facilities cannot be used. See guidelines here. |
| Oregon | Yes | OSAA Rule 8.4 (voted to set new parameters as of 10/10/22) | Voted to set new parameters to allow NIL as of 10/10/22 (see here) |
| Pennsylvania | Yes | PIAA Article II Sections 1-3 (amended Dec. 2022) | Amended in December 2022 to allow NIL (summary). |
| Rhode Island | Yes | RIIL Article I Section 19 | Amended in November 2022 to allow commercial activities by athletes as long as there is no school team, school, or Rhode Island Interscholastic League affiliation. |
| South Carolina | No | SCHSL Article III Section 14 | Currently prohibited. “A student may not have competed for money or valuable consideration other than prizes with symbolic value. No participants may accept material awards in excess of actual expenses, including hotel bills and transportation.” |
| South Dakota | No | SDHSAA Chapter 2 Section 6 | Currently prohibited. Reportedly reviewing policy and exploring what is best for student-athletes and membership schools. “A student may be declared ineligible if he/she: Accepts cash, merchandise, compensation or illegal awards when competing in a sport sponsored by the Association beyond the monetary limits set in the SDHSAA Athletic Handbook…Received remuneration for the use of name, picture and/or personal appearance as an athlete in the promotion of a commercial or profit making event….” |
| Tennessee | Yes | TSSAA NIL Rule | Amended in December 2022 to allow NIL. “The change establishes that students are allowed to receive payment for instructional services and other activities not related to performance provided that they are carried out in a manner that does not suggest or reasonably suggest the endorsement or sponsorship of the TSSAA school. The student’s activities for which they are compensated may not include an image or likeness of the student in a uniform, or other clothing or gear depicting the name or logo of the TSSAA member school the student is attending or has attended. No reference to TSSAA accolades or championships may be used in the student’s activities for which they are compensated.” |
| Texas | No | State law SB 1385 Section (j) – (1) & (2) | Currently prohibited. The state law passed to allow NIL for college athletes says, “(j) No individual, corporate entity, or other organization may: (1) enter into any arrangement with a prospective student athlete relating to the prospective student athlete’s name, image, or likeness prior to their enrollment in an institution of higher education; or (2) use inducements of future name, image, and likeness compensation arrangement to recruit a prospective student athlete to any institution of higher education.” UIL only prohibits athletes from promoting a product, plan or service related to a UIL sport or contest and receiving valuable consideration for participating in a UIL sponsored school sport. |
| Utah | Yes | UHSAA Section 6 to be updated per Jan 2022 meeting summary | Utah High School Activities Association approved new NIL rules January 2022 |
| Vermont | Unclear | VPA Section 2 | Current rules do not directly address NIL. |
| Virginia | Yes (as of July 1, 2023) | VHSL 28B-2-3 (rule prior to chnage) | NIL will be allowed as of July 1, 2023. Athletes must notify their school principal or athletic director within 72 hours of any NIL deal they agree to and cannot endorse pornographic or other adult entertainment, alcohol-related companies, tobacco or electronic smoking products, casinos, gambling or sports betting, weapons, firearms, or prescription drugs. |
| Washington | Yes | WIAA 18.24.0-18.24.5 | Q&A on amateurism says, “this provision is not intended to restrict the right of any student to participate in a commercial endorsement provided there is no affiliation with the school team, school, WIAA District or WIAA state association.” Athletes are also prohibited from utilizing the intellectual property of the school, WIAA District, or WIAA state association. |
| West Virginia | No | WVSSAC Title 127 Section 127-2-11 | Doesn’t directly address NIL, but does say amateur status forfeited if: “capitalizing on athletic fame by receiving money or gifts of monetary value.” |
| Wisconsin | No | WIAA Section III.C | Currently prohibited. Rules prevent athletes from receiving compensation or benefit for the use of name, picture and/or personal appearance as an athlete because of ability, potential and/or performance as an athlete. |
| Wyoming | No | WHSAA Rule 5.7.1 | Doesn’t directly address NIL, but does say amateur status forfeited if: “capitalizing on athletic fame by receiving money, gifts of monetary value or merchandise.” |
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Research assistance provided by: Jeffrey Parry
