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    Business of College Sports
    • Home
    • About
    • The Book
    • Podcasts
      • Business of College Sports Podcast
      • The Players’ Platform Podcast
      • Game Face Podcast with Linktree
    • Finances
      • Bowl Championship Series Payouts
        • 2013-14 BCS Payouts
        • 2014-15 CFP Payouts vs. 2013-14 BCS Payouts
        • 2014-15 CFP Payouts vs. 2013-14 BCS Payouts
        • 2014-15 CFP Payouts
        • 2015-16 CFP Payouts
      • College Football Playoff Payouts 2022-2023
        • 2016-17 CFP Payouts
        • 2017-18 CFP Payouts
        • 2018-19 CFP Payouts
        • 2019-20 CFP Payouts
        • 2020-2021 CFP Payouts
      • NCAA Revenue & Payouts
        • NCAA Revenue & Payouts
        • 2021 March Madness Payouts Impacted by 2020
      • Conference TV Contracts
    • Trackers
      • NIL by State
      • High School NIL Rules
      • Directory: NIL Directors and Staff
      • NIL Policies by Institution
      • NIL Marketplaces for Student Athletes
      • NIL Collectives
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      • Athlete Agent Requirements by State
      • NIL Attorney Directory
      • Car Deals for Student Athletes
      • Student Athlete Podcasts and Paid Guest Series
      • DI Sports Cut
    • Sports Law
      • Compare: Sports Law Programs
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        • NIL Consulting Services
        • Join NIL Collectives Insider
        • Women Speakers on NIL
        • The Players’ Platform Podcast
      • NIL Collectives Insider
        • Join the Insider
        • Membership Portal
        • Manage Account
        • Log In
    • Contact
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      Tracker: Name, Image and Likeness Legislation by State

      name image and likeness tracker by state

      Last Updated on July 28, 2023

      We are tracking NIL laws by state.

      Last Updated on July 28, 2023
      StateStatusEffective Date
      (if enacted)
      AlabamaSigned into law; Repealed 2/3/227/1/2021
      ArizonaSigned into law7/23/2021
      ArkansasSigned into law; amended in April 2023 to allow institutions and their fundraising arms to source deals for athletes, allows foundations to enter into NIL deals with athletes1/1/2022
      CaliforniaSigned into law9/1/2021 (moved up from 1/1/2023)
      ColoradoSigned into law7/1/2021 (moved up from 1/1/2023)
      ConnecticutRecognized as a Public Act 15 days after the Senate approved it; revised in May 2022 to allow the use of university intellectual property and currently awaiting the Governor’s signature9/1/2021
      DelawareAthlete Agent Act amended to include agents representing student athletes for NILn/a
      District of Columbia (D.C.)Bill proposed in October 2021; public hearing September 2022
      Federal“Student-Athlete Equity Act”; Introduced by Rep. Mark Walker (R-NC); Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means 03/14/19Taxable year beginning after bill is passed
      Federal“Fairness in Collegiate Athletics Act”; Introduced by Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL); Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation as of 6/8/207/30/2021
      Federal“Student Athlete Level Playing Field Act”; Introduced by Sen. Anthony Gonzalez (R-OH); Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Education and Labor as of 9/24/20; reintroduced in May 2023N/A
      Federal“Collegiate Athlete Compensation Rights Act”; Introduced by Sen. Roger Wicker (R-MS); Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation as of 12/10/20N/A
      Federal“College Athletes Bill of Rights”; Introduced by Rep. Janice Schakowsky (D-IL); Referred to the Committee on Education and Labor, and in addition to the Committee on Energy and Commerce as of 12/18/20N/A
      Federal“College Athletes Bill of Rights”; Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary as of 12/17/20N/A
      Federal“Amateur Athletes Protection and Compensation Act of 2021”; Introduced by Sen. Jerry Moran (R-KS); Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation as of 2/24/21N/A
      Federal“College Athlete Economic Freedom Act”; Introduced by Sen. Christopher Murphy (D-CT); Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation as of 2/4/21; reintroduced July 2023N/A
      Federal“The Protecting Athletes, Schools, and Sports Act of 2023” introduced by Sens. Tommy Tuberville, R-Ala., and Joe Manchin, D-W. Va.N/A
      Federal“College Athletes Protection and Compensation Act of 2023” is a bipartisan discussion draft (not yet introduced as a bill) circulated in July 2023N/A
      FloridaSigned into law7/1/2021
      GeorgiaSigned into law; considered by many to have “sunset” now7/1/2021
      Hawai’iBill introducedUpon approval
      IllinoisSigned into law; amended as of 5/29/227/1/2021
      IowaBill introduced7/1/2021
      KansasPassed House1/2/2022
      KentuckyGovernor issued executive order 6/24/21; Senate passed bill that largely matches executive order 2/10/22, House or Representatives passed 3/7/22; Governor signed 3/9/227/1/2021 for executive order; 3/9/22 for bill
      LouisianaSigned into law7/1/2021
      MaineBill introduced 1/5/22TBD
      MarylandSigned into law7/1/2023
      MassachusettsBill introduced1/1/2022
      MichiganSigned into law12/31/2022
      MinnesotaBill introduced1/1/2023
      MississippiSigned into law; amended as of 4/18/227/1/2021
      MissouriSigned into law; amended as of 5/12/22 and signed by the governor 6/16/22; amended in July 2023 to prevent the NCAA from opening an investigation or taking action against an institution for protected NIL activities, also allows institutions and coaches to create and negotiate NIL deals; allows high school NIL after signing National Letter of Intent8/28/2021
      MontanaSigned into law6/1/2023
      NebraskaSigned into lawImmediately, but no later than 7/1/2023
      NevadaSigned into law1/1/2022
      New HampshireBill introducedN/A
      New JerseySigned into law5th academic year after passage
      New MexicoSigned into law7/1/2021
      New YorkSigned into law; amended in July 2023 to prevent the NCAA from opening investigations or penalizing for protected NIL activities11/21/2022
      North CarolinaExecutive order signed into law by governor on 7/2/20217/2/2021
      OhioGovernor signed an executive order 6/28/21; also included in state budget (House Bill 110)7/1/2021
      OklahomaSigned into law; amended in May 2023 to prohibit the NCAA from penalizing for protected NIL activities and allows athletic departments to endorse collectivesImmediately, but no later than July 1, 2023
      OregonSigned into law; additional bill (SB 1505) passed 2/23/22 to require producers of team jerseys, video games and trading cards to pay royalties to student athletes whose NIL is used; Governor Brown signed the bill regarding royalties into law 3/11/227/1/2021; royalties law goes into effect 7/1/22
      PennslyvaniaNIL language included in state budget proposalImmediately
      Rhode IslandPending Senate Education Committee action as of 6/25/211/1/2021
      South CarolinaSigned into law; Attorney General moved up start date from 7/1/22 to 7/1/21; the law is suspended for 2022-23 school year7/1/2021
      TennesseeSigned into law; amended 4/20/221/1/2022
      TexasSigned into law; amended in June 2023 to allow more involvement by institutions and prohibit the NCAA from penalizing for NIL activities allowed by state law7/1/2021
      VermontBill introduced1/1/2023
      VirginiaGovernor added NIL provision in budget proposal as of 8/3/21; SB 223 signed April 11, 2022Immediately
      WashingtonBill introduced1/1/2023
      West VirginiaBill introducedN/A
      WisconsinNo bill proposed, but politicians say they are considering and drafting a billN/A

      Law Changes in 2023

      In 2023, states began amending their existing NIL laws to allow for more involvement by institutions and prohibit the NCAA from enforcing penalties for protected NIL activities.

      State laws prohibiting NCAA penalties for NIL:

      • Arkansas
      • Missouri
      • New York
      • Oklahoma
      • Texas

      States where collectives have become part of athletic foundations:

      • Arkansas
      • Texas

      When do state name, image and likeness laws go into effect?

      Immediately

      • Oklahoma (schools can grant rights immediately, but no later than July 1, 2023)
      • Nebraska (schools can grant rights immediately, but no later than July 1, 2023)
      • Pennsylvania

      July 1, 2021

      • Alabama (Repealed as of 2/3/22)
      • Florida
      • Georgia
      • Mississippi (amended as of 4/18/22)
      • New Mexico
      • Texas
      • Kentucky (executive order effective 7/1/21; new bill passed and went into effect 3/10/22)
      • Ohio
      • Oregon (new royalties law goes into effect 7/1/22)
      • Illinois (amended as of 5/29/22)
      • Colorado
      • South Carolina

      July 2, 2021

      • North Carolina

      July 23, 2021

      • Arizona

      August 28, 2021

      • Missouri (amendment goes into effect 8/28/22)

      August 31, 2021

      • Virginia

      September 1, 2021

      • Connecticut
      • California

      January 1, 2022

      • Arkansas
      • Tennessee (amended as of 4/20/22)
      • Nevada

      December 31, 2022

      • Michigan

      June 1, 2023

      • Montana

      July 1, 2023

      • Maryland

      2025

      • New Jersey (the law goes into effect the 5th academic year after passage)

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      BusinessofCollegeSports.com was founded in 2011 by sports business analyst Kristi Dosh. We aim to provide the latest news and analysis on issues that impact athletic departments, athletic administrators, marketers, sponsors and other businesses that provide services to the industry.

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