Tracker: Name, Image and Likeness Legislation by State
Last Updated on July 28, 2023
We are tracking NIL laws by state.
Last Updated on July 28, 2023| State | Status | Effective Date (if enacted) |
| Alabama | Signed into law; Repealed 2/3/22 | |
| Arizona | Signed into law | 7/23/2021 |
| Arkansas | Signed into law; amended in April 2023 to allow institutions and their fundraising arms to source deals for athletes, allows foundations to enter into NIL deals with athletes | 1/1/2022 |
| California | Signed into law | 9/1/2021 (moved up from 1/1/2023) |
| Colorado | Signed into law | 7/1/2021 (moved up from 1/1/2023) |
| Connecticut | Recognized as a Public Act 15 days after the Senate approved it; revised in May 2022 to allow the use of university intellectual property and currently awaiting the Governor’s signature | 9/1/2021 |
| Delaware | Athlete Agent Act amended to include agents representing student athletes for NIL | n/a |
| District of Columbia (D.C.) | Bill proposed in October 2021; public hearing September 2022 | |
| Federal | “Student-Athlete Equity Act”; Introduced by Rep. Mark Walker (R-NC); Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means 03/14/19 | Taxable year beginning after bill is passed |
| Federal | “Fairness in Collegiate Athletics Act”; Introduced by Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL); Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation as of 6/8/20 | 7/30/2021 |
| Federal | “Student Athlete Level Playing Field Act”; Introduced by Sen. Anthony Gonzalez (R-OH); Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Education and Labor as of 9/24/20; reintroduced in May 2023 | N/A |
| Federal | “Collegiate Athlete Compensation Rights Act”; Introduced by Sen. Roger Wicker (R-MS); Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation as of 12/10/20 | N/A |
| Federal | “College Athletes Bill of Rights”; Introduced by Rep. Janice Schakowsky (D-IL); Referred to the Committee on Education and Labor, and in addition to the Committee on Energy and Commerce as of 12/18/20 | N/A |
| Federal | “College Athletes Bill of Rights”; Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary as of 12/17/20 | N/A |
| Federal | “Amateur Athletes Protection and Compensation Act of 2021”; Introduced by Sen. Jerry Moran (R-KS); Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation as of 2/24/21 | N/A |
| Federal | “College Athlete Economic Freedom Act”; Introduced by Sen. Christopher Murphy (D-CT); Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation as of 2/4/21; reintroduced July 2023 | N/A |
| Federal | “The Protecting Athletes, Schools, and Sports Act of 2023” introduced by Sens. Tommy Tuberville, R-Ala., and Joe Manchin, D-W. Va. | N/A |
| Federal | “College Athletes Protection and Compensation Act of 2023” is a bipartisan discussion draft (not yet introduced as a bill) circulated in July 2023 | N/A |
| Florida | Signed into law | 7/1/2021 |
| Georgia | Signed into law; considered by many to have “sunset” now | 7/1/2021 |
| Hawai’i | Bill introduced | Upon approval |
| Illinois | Signed into law; amended as of 5/29/22 | 7/1/2021 |
| Iowa | Bill introduced | 7/1/2021 |
| Kansas | Passed House | 1/2/2022 |
| Kentucky | Governor issued executive order 6/24/21; Senate passed bill that largely matches executive order 2/10/22, House or Representatives passed 3/7/22; Governor signed 3/9/22 | 7/1/2021 for executive order; 3/9/22 for bill |
| Louisiana | Signed into law | 7/1/2021 |
| Maine | Bill introduced 1/5/22 | TBD |
| Maryland | Signed into law | 7/1/2023 |
| Massachusetts | Bill introduced | 1/1/2022 |
| Michigan | Signed into law | 12/31/2022 |
| Minnesota | Bill introduced | 1/1/2023 |
| Mississippi | Signed into law; amended as of 4/18/22 | 7/1/2021 |
| Missouri | Signed into law; amended as of 5/12/22 and signed by the governor 6/16/22; amended in July 2023 to prevent the NCAA from opening an investigation or taking action against an institution for protected NIL activities, also allows institutions and coaches to create and negotiate NIL deals; allows high school NIL after signing National Letter of Intent | 8/28/2021 |
| Montana | Signed into law | 6/1/2023 |
| Nebraska | Signed into law | Immediately, but no later than 7/1/2023 |
| Nevada | Signed into law | 1/1/2022 |
| New Hampshire | Bill introduced | N/A |
| New Jersey | Signed into law | 5th academic year after passage |
| New Mexico | Signed into law | 7/1/2021 |
| New York | Signed into law; amended in July 2023 to prevent the NCAA from opening investigations or penalizing for protected NIL activities | 11/21/2022 |
| North Carolina | Executive order signed into law by governor on 7/2/2021 | 7/2/2021 |
| Ohio | Governor signed an executive order 6/28/21; also included in state budget (House Bill 110) | 7/1/2021 |
| Oklahoma | Signed into law; amended in May 2023 to prohibit the NCAA from penalizing for protected NIL activities and allows athletic departments to endorse collectives | Immediately, but no later than July 1, 2023 |
| Oregon | Signed into law; additional bill (SB 1505) passed 2/23/22 to require producers of team jerseys, video games and trading cards to pay royalties to student athletes whose NIL is used; Governor Brown signed the bill regarding royalties into law 3/11/22 | 7/1/2021; royalties law goes into effect 7/1/22 |
| Pennslyvania | NIL language included in state budget proposal | Immediately |
| Rhode Island | Pending Senate Education Committee action as of 6/25/21 | 1/1/2021 |
| South Carolina | Signed into law; Attorney General moved up start date from 7/1/22 to 7/1/21; the law is suspended for 2022-23 school year | 7/1/2021 |
| Tennessee | Signed into law; amended 4/20/22 | 1/1/2022 |
| Texas | Signed into law; amended in June 2023 to allow more involvement by institutions and prohibit the NCAA from penalizing for NIL activities allowed by state law | 7/1/2021 |
| Vermont | Bill introduced | 1/1/2023 |
| Virginia | Governor added NIL provision in budget proposal as of 8/3/21; SB 223 signed April 11, 2022 | Immediately |
| Washington | Bill introduced | 1/1/2023 |
| West Virginia | Bill introduced | N/A |
| Wisconsin | No bill proposed, but politicians say they are considering and drafting a bill | N/A |
Law Changes in 2023
In 2023, states began amending their existing NIL laws to allow for more involvement by institutions and prohibit the NCAA from enforcing penalties for protected NIL activities.
State laws prohibiting NCAA penalties for NIL:
- Arkansas
- Missouri
- New York
- Oklahoma
- Texas
States where collectives have become part of athletic foundations:
- Arkansas
- Texas
When do state name, image and likeness laws go into effect?
Immediately
- Oklahoma (schools can grant rights immediately, but no later than July 1, 2023)
- Nebraska (schools can grant rights immediately, but no later than July 1, 2023)
- Pennsylvania
July 1, 2021
Alabama(Repealed as of 2/3/22)- Florida
- Georgia
- Mississippi (amended as of 4/18/22)
- New Mexico
- Texas
- Kentucky (executive order effective 7/1/21; new bill passed and went into effect 3/10/22)
- Ohio
- Oregon (new royalties law goes into effect 7/1/22)
- Illinois (amended as of 5/29/22)
- Colorado
- South Carolina
July 2, 2021
- North Carolina
July 23, 2021
- Arizona
August 28, 2021
- Missouri (amendment goes into effect 8/28/22)
August 31, 2021
- Virginia
September 1, 2021
- Connecticut
- California
January 1, 2022
- Arkansas
- Tennessee (amended as of 4/20/22)
- Nevada
December 31, 2022
- Michigan
June 1, 2023
- Montana
July 1, 2023
- Maryland
2025
- New Jersey (the law goes into effect the 5th academic year after passage)
